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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
, t0 r8 I" s% a" d' S2 @) T8 U- z/ U 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
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The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
" Z: }. x# ~% E/ ^- B2 S) y. C3 y0 _ A6 f
The point to note here…
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2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:9 h! H! z& n0 E3 D
/ c. c" J3 s" H1 R3 y) ~ There are three major reasons…) d; T! \+ m$ C! P7 I
. i. A& _% ?. O3 ^+ V S. q0 d- o$ ~1 | 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:4 r! m7 Y: |* G
. f; E1 d8 L; \$ T1 V$ K# u The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。8 v# j7 X' a( n( Y! u
* a1 T) s' x7 m% s/ F0 F. o. a8 c! S 4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:6 f4 N9 F& p0 b) \2 I
[. l* K: u4 l& L+ c- X- x Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。' T ~' I( K, S9 e3 a& v$ _: R2 g/ L# }
+ |% f& J4 V: g 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:, c( e& K, W8 \" C
# k2 M2 u9 h& c! M5 q0 t) q Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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9 F3 y; g( R# q3 y* ? 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:1 ~1 } n, m- L$ ^: D
; P* Y8 @- C% y( a/ i( o/ Z Therefore/the result8 G* A) P2 ^0 B2 t# k
/ u# w. S# u0 q; A+ ^3 G* z/ A, g- P In conclusion/we can conclude/ e; _5 N. d1 A9 `! T1 Q
- i; `: p: Y5 i* k& c One of the primary conclusions% H3 u+ }* N1 _: @. z
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7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
4 W) ~1 t% g, L' f* d0 f. \% p L5 c0 d. T' i/ Y7 L! g7 c/ p2 w
For example/instancelike( t# R8 B E( c# p2 ?; A: z
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Such as these include/ F$ G% E" V" i+ E1 }- l4 w% |
% W: ?/ G4 ]) _; b7 x To illustrate among these are% [5 K; y. e1 N& L" w# s' V% X
6 a- _& j! h3 w, w. S 有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:" q, g, y4 r9 W: M/ o
1 |, M. ^0 J4 p, }( m. m. O4 z The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
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+ B9 V# ], U/ b' c9 s1 B Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…* v3 W3 q- ~3 c7 G3 p: @+ z, J
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:! z! {, z) n& x: f$ W6 F. r
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The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。
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( ?: B! S* z. B- u/ o Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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